• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Fluoride

  2024-04-17

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Fluoride can readily penetrate cellular membranes and seriously damage the structure and physiological function of cells (Zhou et al., 2015). Several studies have shown that excessive fluoride can decrease the viability of cells and that the growth o

• The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase

  2024-04-17

  

  The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase-independent death effector. AIF can induce caspase-independent chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation to approximately 50 KB. AIF that is released to cytoplasm can mediate apoptosis when special extracellular signals trigger the o

• Animal fat appears to increase

  2024-04-17

  

  Animal fat appears to increase C. perfringens counts compared with vegetable oil, so there may indeed be some advantage to vegetable diets at least in terms of fat sources (Knarreborg et al., 2002). Small grains such as wheat, rye, oats, and barley, with high levels of non-starch polysaccharides are

• br Experimental section br Abbreviations PSA puromycin sensi

  2024-04-17

  

  Experimental section Abbreviations PSA, puromycin–sensitive aminopeptidase; APN, aminopeptidase N; AML, acute myeloid Leukemia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AADR, amino Phos-tag Biotin receptor deprivation response; PAN, puromycin aminonucleoside; DCC, dicyclohexyl carbodiimide; NHS, N–h

• Volatile esters are important to wine quality and

  2024-04-17

  

  Volatile esters are important to wine quality and to fresh berry grape flavor, especially in fox grapes (V. labrusca) [16]. Volatile esters such as Z-3-hexyl acetate can be found in V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berries albeit at low levels and their accumulation diminishes to below detection lev

• br Conclusions br Conflict of interest br Introduction Plant

  2024-04-17

  

  Conclusions Conflict of interest Introduction Plants often encounter a series of abiotic stresses during the growth process, including high salinity, extreme temperatures and drought (Knight and Knight, 2001). Plants can adapt through ionic and osmotic homeostasis or osmotic adjustment, con

• In the vasculature it is known

  2024-04-17

  

  In the vasculature, it is known that A2A and A2B adenosine receptors are stimulatory for adenylyl-cyclase, leading to cyclic-AMP (cAMP) production and vasodilation, while the A1 and A3 adenosine receptors are linked to the inhibitory Gi, suppressing adenylyl-cyclase and favoring contraction. However

• The inhibition of the exacerbated

  2024-04-16

  

  The inhibition of the exacerbated inflammatory response that follows injury may be an alternative approach to induce a more efficient repair [17,83]. In line with that, 5-LO is one of the most consolidated targets for dampening inflammation, mainly through the therapeutic effects of 5-LO inhibitors

• In conclusion AXL overexpression preexisted in a subgroup of

  2024-04-16

  

  In conclusion, AXL overexpression preexisted in a subgroup of treatment-naive lung adenocarcinoma specimens harboring an activating EGFR mutation or in those with wild-type EGFR. Anti-AXL therapeutics delivered up front in combination with the EGFR inhibitor might overcome intrinsic or acquired resi

• br Oxidative microbe killing and V ATPase

  2024-04-16

  

  Oxidative microbe killing and V-ATPase Oxidative killing of phagocytosed microorganisms is predominately achieved through the uptake of large quantities of molecular oxygen by the infected cell and the activity particularly of the NADPH oxidase complex on phagosomes (Savina et al., 2006) and the

• br Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like

  2024-04-16

  

  Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other types of receptors, prolonged agonist stimulation often leads to GPCR internalization, which can occur via different pathways ∗[2], [20], [21], [22], [23]. Of these pathways, clathrin-mediated VU590 hydrochloride (CME) is the best characterized an

• br In vivo visualization of aromatase with positron

  2024-04-16

  

  In vivo visualization of aromatase with positron emission tomography (PET) Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes the high Genistein photons formed during the annihilation of positrons to detect the changes in the amount and localization of injected radiopharmaceuticals in the living body (r

• Recently the FDA approved the first

  2024-04-16

  

  Recently, the FDA approved the first blood-based test for the detection of EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients (http://www.fda.gov) (Voelker, 2016). This allows detection of specific, recurrent mutations, which can help the selection of the patients that could benefit from Erlotini

• Because of the critical roles played

  2024-04-16

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• Studies on both TCDD treated mice and AhR

  2024-04-16

  

  Studies on both TCDD treated mice and AhR null mice have also pointed to a role of AhR in hematopoiesis [65], [66]. Singh et al. showed that AhR is a negative regulator of HSC (hematopoietic stem cell) proliferation, while deletion of AhR leads to spleen enlargement in juvenile and adult mice [67].

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