• The intracellular signaling that mediates the adipogenesis i

  2022-09-22

  

  The intracellular signaling that mediates the adipogenesis induced by GPR120 still remains largely unknown. In the present study we showed that TUG-891 induced the activation of [Ca2+]i and ERK1/2 signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, incubation of TUG-891 combined with BAPTA-AM or U0126 abolished TU

• br Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were able

  2022-09-22

  

  Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were able to alter the febrile response induced by gp120. This effect was particularly evident during the initial hours following gp120 administration (90–210min). We also investigated the potential role of the delta-2 opioid receptor in gp120-induced fever. The delta

• Glycine regulates several brain functions and glycine transp

  2022-09-22

  

  Glycine regulates several brain functions and glycine transporters significantly contribute in such processes. In previous work we reported calpain sensitive regions in N-terminal domains of GlyT1a and GlyT1b (Baliova and Jursky, 2005). Here we show that distal part of glycine transporter GlyT1C-ter

• br Transporter based brain targeting nano DDS Drug delivery

  2022-09-21

  

  Transporter-based brain-targeting nano-DDS Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is still challenging due to the bloodbrain barrier (BBB)53., 54.. The BBB is a natural defense barrier protecting the pikfyve inhibitor from harmful substances. Since only selected, neutral, lipophilic s

• High energy adjusted free glutamate intake

  2022-09-21

  

  High energy-adjusted free glutamate intake among adults with high education level (above college) or high poverty income ratio (≥3.50) might be a consequence of the difference in intake of some foods such as vegetables and fruits, reflecting upon their socioeconomic status. Previous studies have sho

• Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate

  2022-09-21

  

  Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate homeostasis is critical in relapse to many drugs of abuse [84,85]. Glutamate is transported by GLT-1, which accounted for about 90% of glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft [14,15]. CEF is known to produce its effects through GLT-1 upregu

• In the present study we characterized

  2022-09-21

  

  In the present study, we characterized the expression of glucose transporters in the developing and adult mouse lens and showed that GLUT1 is the primary transporter expressed in the lens epithelium. We found that mice with a homozygous deletion of Slc2a1 from the lens epithelium developed cataracts

• So far the functional significance

  2022-09-21

  

  So far, the functional significance of GluR-A and GluR-B in synaptic plasticity has been best studied in the context of long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in vitro in the hippocampus and the regulation of synaptic strength in paradigms underlying activity-dependent learning in vivo Taka

• Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve

  2022-09-21

  

  Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve questions concerning the orthology of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon (Ng et al., 2010, Irwin and Prentice, 2011, Wang et al., 2012, Hwang et al., 2013). Using a diverse array of species with available genome sequence (see Fig. 4) the g

• br Conclusion br Ethics statements file

  2022-09-21

  

  Conclusion Ethics statements file Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (Nos. 2011-0030074 and 2018R1D1A3B07050361) and Sookmyung Women’s University Specialization Pro

• In a series of experiments

  2022-09-21

  

  In a series of experiments, the clotrimazole concentration was varied and the NSVDC channel conductances were calculated from Eq. (1) to obtain the dose-response relation (Fig. 3). The data were fitted to the Michaelis–Menten-type activation curve (Eq. (3)) and gave an EC50 value of 14 μM and a dose

• br Results br Discussion secretase

  2022-09-21

  

  Results Discussion γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis of integral membrane proteins is required for diverse biological processes (Lal and Caplan, 2011). One γ-secretase target of particular interest is Notch, as recent work has shown Notch activity to be increased in obesity and associated metab

• br Acknowledgements This study was supported by

  2022-09-21

  

  Acknowledgements This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant (R01GM104037), VA grant (BX002741), and Rutgers Busch grant. Nuclear receptor FXR is the master regulator of bile acids homeostasis The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins known as nuclear

• Lentiviruses are associated with immunological impairment in

  2022-09-21

  

  Lentiviruses are associated with immunological impairment in their respective hosts, and both human immunodeficiency and feline immunodeficiency viral infections increase the likelihood of secondary bacterial infections [23], [24]. Recently, Kubes et al. [25] demonstrated that feline neutrophils exh

• Ligand selectivity may directly be related to the conformati

  2022-09-21

  

  Ligand selectivity may directly be related to the conformational landscape explored by GPCRs despite that most GPCRs do not require dimerization for ligand recognition (Mary et al., 2012). Monomer FPRs have traditionally been perceived as receptors that can recognize N-formyl peptides and LXA4. This

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