• DDR is one of two non integrin tyrosine

  2020-10-20

  

  DDR1 is one of two, non-integrin tyrosine kinase receptors activated by collagen. Although DDR1 has five isoforms (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) generated by alternative splicing, only DDR1a and 1b have active kinase domains, whereas DDR2, encoded by a distinct gene, has one isoform (Vogel et al., 2006). Coll

• Methods br Results br Discussion

  2020-10-20

  

  Methods Results Discussion It is well established that CRSwNP is characterized by TH2 inflammation and eosinophilia.22, 27 Yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that B cells might play an important role in the inflammatory response within the sinus tissue of patients with CRSwNP.8, 9 The l

• As discussed in the introduction

  2020-10-20

  

  As discussed in the introduction, many pregnant women take medications such as nifedipine and indinavir, which are considerably metabolized by CYP3A [26]. Previous reports have also shown increased CYP3A activity following pregnancy [7], [9], which is consistent with our results. However, previous s

• nicotinic acid The role of ARA cyp

  2020-10-20

  

  The role of ARA-cyp450 metabolites in the liver is still unclear [44]. However, ARA-cyp450 genes metabolize other fatty acids such lauric and palmitic nicotinic acid [45]. It was found that decreased cyp4a expression caused fatty livers through reduction of fatty acid metabolism [46]. In this study

• Lavallee et al reported that

  2020-10-20

  

  Lavallee et al. [30] reported that PREG could be esterified by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). LCAT uses cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline present in the newly formed high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as substrates and convert them into cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidyl choline. T

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2020-10-20

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like protein kinases, ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK, have all been implicated in H2AX phosphorylation in response to different stimuli [37], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45]. We show here that H2AX is phosphorylated in rodent and

• Autophagy is a dynamic process that primarily

  2020-10-19

  

  Autophagy is a dynamic process that primarily involves autophagosome formatting and lysosomal degradation, and these processes are controlled by autophagy-related genes (Atg) (Klionsky et al., 2012). The related protein SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) importantly serves as a signalling director in sever

• It is well known that acrolein a metabolite of

  2020-10-19

  

  It is well known that acrolein, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide, is responsible for the cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, and that acrolein is capable of activating TRPA1 channels expressed in the capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents [2], [11]. In this context, it is likely that the early phase o

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements This work was su

  2020-10-19

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2013R1A1A1076117) and also by the Priority Research Centers Program through the NRF funde

• Since the number of peptides hydrolized by

  2020-10-19

  

  Since the number of peptides hydrolized by PEP is quite large, it is not easy to relate the increase of enzymatic activity with the altered changes of a concrete peptide. However, it is noticeable that imbalances of several natural substrates of PEP [6], such as angiotensins, bradykinin, vasopressin

• When six chemical inhibitors were incubated with

  2020-10-19

  

  When six chemical inhibitors were incubated with TRB or TRC and human liver microsomal preparation, HLM2, the results showed that ketoconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor) was very effective in inhibiting 4β-C hydroxylation of TRB and TR, whereas sulfaphenazole (a CYP2C9 inhibitor) and quinidine (a CYP2D6 i

• Our study provides proof of principle

  2020-10-19

  

  Our study provides proof of principle for dimerizing two different E3 ligases as a novel approach to inducing one ligase to degrade the other one. The outcome of ‘ligase versus ligase’ PROTAC-mediated activity might be unpredictable a priori, but could reveal a new mechanism for proximity-mediated h

• These studies suggested that PV PVH might promote bone forma

  2020-10-19

  

  These studies suggested that PV/PVH might promote bone formation activities and/or inhibit bone resorption activities probably due to its anti-inflammation activity; however, the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear if PVH shows better activity than that of PV; this is i

• The E enzyme is the apex for downstream enzymatic

  2020-10-19

  

  The E1 enzyme is the apex for downstream enzymatic cascades and signaling pathways mediated by Ub and Ub-like proteins (Ubls) (Pickart, 2001). Studying characteristics of E1 and its catalytic functions may throw light to the role of ubiquitination in cell development. All known eukaryotic E1 are mon

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements This work was fu

  2020-10-17

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number N N303 571539. We are greatly indebted to Patrick Fox for help with the final manuscript. Introduction Alkylating agents which interact directly with DNA to form covalent bonds h

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