• Crohn s disease an inflammatory

  2025-02-14

  

  Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by a polymorphism in ULK1 autophagy gene due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, the autophagic process is impaired during the disease. The mutations in the leuc

• Because the V ATPase inhibitors that have been employed in

  2025-02-14

  

  Because the V-ATPase inhibitors that have been employed in these studies (including bafilomycin and concanamycin), are membrane permeant, they inhibit all the V-ATPases in the cell. This is important since it is possible that intracellular V-ATPases, in addition to those present at the plasma membra

• ATP citrate lyase ACLY is a cytosolic enzyme

  2025-02-14

  

  ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl-CoA from citrate [15]. Acetyl-CoA is the building block for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, and also serves as a substrate of the acetylation reaction of various molecules, including histones and

• br Conflict of interest statement

  2025-02-14

  

  Conflict of interest statement Funding Acknowledgments We thank the team at Medical and Collider-Accelerator Departments at BNL and for their support at NSRL. We thank Dr. Janice Pluth and Professor Peter O’Neill for useful discussions related to our work. Introduction The DNA damage re

• In conclusion we report that the widely

  2025-02-14

  

  In conclusion, we report that the widely prescribed drug VPA exerts therapeutic effects on optic nerve demyelination and retinal degeneration in a mouse model of MS. Our findings raise an interesting possibility that combination therapy of VPA and ASK1 inhibition may be useful for treatment of autoi

• According to the present observations

  2025-02-14

  

  According to the present observations, the Ampkα1 isoform promotes AP-1 transcriptional activity and thereby fosters tlr4 of AP-1 target genes in cardiomyocytes via activation of Pkcζ. The transcription factor AP-1 plays a decisive role during cardiac remodeling [24], [25], [26], [37]. AP-1 modulat

• br Duality of interest br Contribution statement br Acknowle

  2025-02-14

  

  Duality of interest Contribution statement Acknowledgments Introduction Rapid, cell surface-initiated steroid actions have been reported for all major groups of steroid hormones and our understanding of membrane-mediated steroid actions has progressed rapidly over the last two decades. M

• NB-598 Evidence from basic science studies suggests that Cd

  2025-02-14

  

  Evidence from basic science studies suggests that Cd may play a role in prostate cancer through disruption of the androgen receptor (AR). AR, a hormone-activated transcription factor, is the key driver of prostate cancer progression [6]. Ironically, the AR is also required for normal prostate growth

• Fig shows a possible scheme of the generation of

  2025-02-14

  

  Fig. 8 shows a possible scheme of the generation of AP(+)-exosomes based on this study. In response to inflammatory stimuli, ERAP1 is secreted from ER into the extracellular milieu through the conventional secretion pathway. On the other hand, exosomes are derived from the endosomal pathway, and are

• Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key enzymes that catalyz

  2025-02-13

  

  Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic enzyme used in the synthesis of mrna (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells an

• rb 1 We also demonstrate that PACAP treatment dose

  2025-02-13

  

  We also demonstrate that PACAP treatment dose-dependently disrupts performance in the 5CSRTT, suggestive of attentional deficits, another core feature of mood and anxiety disorders. Treatment with PACAP (.5–1.0 µg) decreased the percentage of correct responses, increased the percentage of trials in

• Tension within the network could be explained by two

  2025-02-13

  

  Tension within the network could be explained by two potential mechanisms: the more classical contractility that is dependent on motor proteins that are pulling glucose transporter filaments towards each other [10]; or contractility that is caused by disassembly of a crosslinked network of actin fil

• False positivity of Anti AChR Ab titers due to cross

  2025-02-13

  

  False positivity of Anti-AChR Ab titers, due to cross reactivity with bungarotoxin, has previously been demonstrated. One such study reported that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, who had received long term snake venom therapy, had developed antibodies to bungarotoxin and hence demonstra

• Reutericyclin hydroxydopamine OHDA is a selective

  2025-02-13

  

  6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and

• br Conclusion br List of abbreviations br Acknowledgment The

  2025-02-13

  

  Conclusion List of abbreviations Acknowledgment The studies performed by our laboratory and presented in this review were supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, (KAKENHI 17590618 [to H.I.] and KAKENHI 22249017 [to Y.Y.]), and the Japanese S

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